a, x+3 chia hết cho x-1

Ta có: x+3=(x+1)+2

=> 2 chia hết cho x+1

=>x+1 thuộc Ư(2)= {1, -1, 2, -2}

=> x thuộc {0,-2, 1, -3}

b. 

b,3x chia hết cho x-1

c,2-x chia hết cho x+1

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1+4}{x-1}=1+\dfrac{4}{x-1}\)

Để (x + 3) \(⋮\left(x-1\right)\) thì 4 \(⋮\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) x - 1 = 1; x - 1 = -1; x - 1 = 2; x - 1 = -2; x - 1 = 4; x - 1 = -4

*) x - 1 = 1

x = 2

*) x - 1 = -1

x = 0

*) x - 1 = 2

x = 3

*) x - 1 = -2

x = -1

*) x - 1 = 4

x = 5

*) x - 1 = -4

x = -3

Vậy x = 5;  x = 3;  x = 2; x = 0; x = -1; x = -3

a) Ta có: x + 3 \(⋮\)t x - 1

\(\Rightarrow\) (x - 1) + 4 \(⋮\) x - 1

do x - 1 \(⋮\) x-1

\(\Rightarrow\) 4 \(⋮\) x -1

\(\Rightarrow\) x - 1 \(\in\) Ư(4) = {4;-4;2;-2;1;1}

✳ x - 1 = 4                                ✳ x - 1 = -4                    ✳ x - 1 = 2             

    x       = 4 + 1 =5                         x      = -4 + 1 = -3           x       = 2 + 1 = 3

✳ x - 1 = -2                               ✳ x - 1 = 1                    ✳ x - 1 = -1             

    x       = -2 + 1 = 1                         x      = 1 + 1 = 2           x       = -1 + 1 = 0

\(\Rightarrow\) x = {5;-3;3;1;2;0}

Bài 1: 

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

a,x=0;7;14;28;.....

b,x=4,15,26,.....

c,x=3

d,x=6

e,x=2

`**x in NN`

`a)x+12 vdots x-4`

`=>x-4+16 vdots x-4`

`=>16 vdots x-4`

`=>x-4 in Ư(16)={+-1,+-2,+-4,+-16}`

`=>x in {3,5,6,2,20}` do `x in NN`

`b)2x+5 vdots x-1`

`=>2x-2+7 vdots x-1`

`=>7 vdots x-1`

`=>x-1 in Ư(7)={+-1,+-7}`

`=>x in {0,2,8}` do `x in NN`

`c)2x+6 vdots 2x-1`

`=>2x-1+7 vdots 2x-1`

`=>7 vdots 2x-1`

`=>2x-1 in Ư(7)={+-1,+-7}`

`=>2x in {0,2,8,-6}`

`=>x in {0,1,4}` do `x in NN`

`d)3x+7 vdots 2x-2`

`=>6x+14 vdots 2x-2`

`=>3(2x-2)+20 vdots 2x-2`

`=>2x-2 in Ư(20)={+-1,+-2,+-4,+-5,+-10,+-20}`

Vì `2x-2` là số chẵn

`=>2x-2 in {+-2,+-4,+-10,+-20}`

`=>x-1 in {+-1,+-2,+-5,+-10}`

`=>x in {0,2,3,6,11}` do `x in NN`

Thử lại ta thấy `x=0,x=2,x=6` loại

`e)5x+12 vdots x-3`

`=>5x-15+17 vdots x-3`

`=>x-3 in Ư(17)={+-1,+-17}`

`=>x in {2,4,20}` do `x in NN`

a) Ta có: \(x+12⋮x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16⋮x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\inƯ\left(16\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;8;-8;16;-16\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{5;3;6;2;8;0;12;-4;20;-12\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;5;3;6;2;8;20\right\}\)

b) Ta có: \(2x+5⋮x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7⋮x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;8;-6\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;2;8\right\}\)

c) Ta có: \(2x+6⋮2x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7⋮2x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\in\left\{2;0;8;-6\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{1;0;4;-3\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)

d) Ta có: \(3x+7⋮2x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x+14⋮2x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow20⋮2x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;5;-5;10;-10;20;-20\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2;7;-3;12;-8;22;-18\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};2;0;3;-1;\dfrac{7}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};6;-4;11;-9\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;0;3;6;11\right\}\)

e) Ta có: \(5x+12⋮x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27⋮x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9;27;-27\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{4;2;6;0;12;-6;30;-24\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{4;2;6;0;12;30\right\}\)

Giải:

a) \(x+12⋮x-4\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-4+16⋮x-4\) 

\(\Rightarrow16⋮x-4\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-4\inƯ\left(16\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8;\pm16\right\}\) 

Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;2;3;5;6;8;12;20\right\}\) 

b) \(2x+5⋮x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x-2+7⋮x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow7⋮x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\) 

Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;2;8\right\}\) 

c) \(2x+6⋮2x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x-1+7⋮2x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow7⋮2x-1\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\) 

Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;1;4\right\}\) 

d) \(3x+7⋮2x-2\) 

\(\Rightarrow6x-6+20⋮2x-2\) 

\(\Rightarrow20⋮2x-2\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x-2\inƯ\left(20\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm5;\pm10;\pm20\right\}\)  

Vì \(2x-2\) là số chẵn nên \(2x-2\in\left\{\pm2;\pm4;\pm10;\pm20\right\}\)

Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;2;3;6;11\right\}\)

e) \(5x+12⋮x-3\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x-15+27⋮x-3\) 

\(\Rightarrow27⋮x-3\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(27\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm9;\pm27\right\}\) 

Ta có bảng giá trị:

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;2;4;6;12;30\right\}\)

3+5/x-1

3+36/x-4

x+1+4/x+1

x+1/x-5

a: 3x+2 chia hết cho x-1

=>3x-3+5 chia hết cho x-1

=>5 chia hết cho x-1

=>x-1 thuộc {1;-1;5;-5}

=>x thuộc {2;0;6;-4}

b: 3x+24 chia hết cho x-4

=>3x-12+36 chia hết cho x-4

=>36 chia hết cho x-4

=>x-4 thuộc {1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;9;-9;12;-12;18;-18;36;-36}

=>x thuộc {5;3;6;2;7;1;8;0;10;-2;13;-5;16;-8;22;-14;40;-32}

c: x^2+5 chia hết cho x+1

=>x^2-1+6 chia hết cho x+1

=>x+1 thuộc {1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6}

=>x thuộc {0;-2;1;-3;2;-4;5;-7}

d: x^2-5x+1 chia hết cho x-5

=>1 chia hết cho x-5

=>x-5 thuộc {1;-1}

=>x thuộc {6;4}

Lời giải:
Cần bổ sung điều kiện $x$ là số nguyên.

a.

$2x+5\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 2(x+1)+3\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 3\vdots x+1$
$\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0; -2; 2; -4\right\}$

b.

$-x-5\vdots -x-1$

$\Rightarrow (-x-1)-4\vdots -x-1$

$\Rightarrow 4\vdots -x-1$

$\Rightarrow -x-1\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 4\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -2; 1; -3; 3; -5\right\}$

a: =>2x+2+3 chia hêt cho x+1

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)

b: =>x+5 chia hết cho x+1

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3;3;-5\right\}\)

bbbbbbbbb

ccccccccc

a) \(17⋮x-1\Rightarrow x-1\in\text{Ư}\left(17\right)=\left\{1;-1;17;-17\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;18;-16\right\}\)

Mà x thuộc N.

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;0;18\right\}\)

b) \(10⋮x-7\Rightarrow x-7\in\text{Ư}\left(10\right)=\left\{1;2;5;10;-1;-2;-5;-10\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{8;9;12;17;6;5;2;-3\right\}\)

Mà x thuộc N.

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{8;9;12;17;6;5;2\right\}\)

c) \(\frac{x+5}{x+1}=\frac{x+1+4}{x+1}=1+\frac{4}{x+1}\)

\(\frac{4}{x+1}\Rightarrow x+1\in\text{Ư}\left(4\right)=\left\{1;2;4;\right\}\)

(*) Loại giá trị x âm do x thuộc N.

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;1;3\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;1;3\right\}\)

Vì 17\(⋮\)x-1=>x-1ϵƯ(7)={1;7}

Với x-1=1=>x=2

x-1=17=>x=18

Vậy xϵ{2;18}

VÌ 10\(⋮\)x-7=>x-7ϵƯ(10)={1;2;5;10}

ta có bảng sau :

Vậy xϵ{8;9;12;17}